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Intransitive Predication (Oxford Studies in Typology and Linguistic Theory), by Leon Stassen
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Stassen makes a major contribution to the study of language typology with Intransitive Predication. Basing his analysis on a sample of 410 languages, he presents a universally applicable model for defining the domain of intransitive predication in natural languages. Intransitive predicates are defined in terms of four domains: events (Sarah is walking), classes (Sarah is a secretary), properties (Sarah is tall), and locations (Sarah is in the garden).
- Sales Rank: #5368505 in Books
- Published on: 2004-02-12
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 6.10" h x 1.70" w x 9.20" l, 2.39 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 800 pages
Review
"The book is the result of a massive and thorough piece of work...bringing the reader with an impressive study of the subject. ... [A] (vast) contribution...to the field of Linguistics."--Linguist List
About the Author
Leon Stassen is a senior lecturer in the Department of General Linguistics at the University of Nijmegen , The Netherlands.
Most helpful customer reviews
5 of 5 people found the following review helpful.
A fundamental resource for understanding a little-known topic
By mianfei
Those who have studied some foreign languages will be aware that in many languages adjectives and even predicate nouns can have the same structures that in english are considered "verbal". In languages such as Arabic, by contrast, adjectives are totally like nouns to the extent of taking definite articles. Students who have studied Basque or Hindi will wonder at the absence of the simple verb forms.
In "Intransitive Predication", author Leon Stassen takes the mask off the mysteries behind these differences in a remarkably complete manner. Stassen first explains with a clarity I have never seen in any other linguistics book what the predicate categories he is describing are, and then with equal efficiency compares and defines the three strategies that can be used for intransitive predicates: the verbal strategy, the nominal strategy and the locational strategy. These depend on in the first case absence of a support item, in the second case on a fully suppletive "copula" (which in many languages is not a verb) and in the third case on a support verb. Stassen also defines the patterns in terms of negation, so that for instance the suffixes for "to be" a student of Turkish may know are actually not verbal at all because their negation is different from a "proper" verb.
After this, Stassen looks at how these three strategies can be combined to encode five different classes of intransitive predicate, namely event predicates, property-concept predicates, class membership predicates, identity predicates ("this is my wife") and locational predicates ("the post office at the end of the street"). He shows that there is a very clear and easy-to-understand hierarchy behind how these five predicate types are encoded, so that there can be no more than sixteen actually possible patterns.
Next Stassen discusses with very easy-to-understand examples cases of each potential pattern. the examples, using familiar linguistic notation that is far from incomprehensible though for the merely curious. After that, Stassen looks at the concept of "switching" whereby a predicate category can be encoded by more than one strategy. Because switching is a very common phenomenon, it has to be discussed in detail, and this Stassen does very well. He shows that there are several types of switching, which can either be split by subcategories of the predicate or by the critical category of permanence. Permanence leads to the use of the most time-stable category possible, which is nominal or verbal depending on whether the language is tensed. This notion of "tensedness" is the decisive factor in the extent to which languages use the verbal strategy, because it is impossible for a language have tensed property-concept words as it is non-iconic. Thus, Stassen shows clearly how highly tensed languages like those of the many Papuan and more northwesterly Amazonian families have nouny adjectives usually encoded by a zero copula. In contrast, languages without obligatory bound tense marking like Chinese or Vietnamese or Yoruba have verby adjectives, as do most of the polysynthetic indigenous languages of North America and southeastern South America.
Lastly, Stassen ties his vast body of research together into a "predicate space" analogous to the "vowel space" of Ian Maddieson. This "predicate space" allows one, together with the "tensedness" parameter, to see why languages' "verbal systems" work as they do. It explains extremely simply the curious fact that languages with nouny adjectives have shared nominal and locational predication and those with verby adjectives split encoding.
All in all, "Intransitive Predication" must stand as one of the best works for the general linguistic student. It is epic is scope yet by no means hard to read, and the examples it provides are so many and so clear that the reader is left knowing everything (s)he must. It is no wonder this book was a critical component of the WALS atlas.
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